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Challenge and Opportunities Sun Energy That Can Become Solution for Crisis Energy in Indonesia

Energy is very important for human life. Human can not do anything without energy. One of the most important energy is electricity. Electricity is used by human to do daily activities. At the same time industrial sector development and technology now, sure necessary big energy, so automatically necessary electricity is also increases. On the other hand, PLN (State Electricity Company) can not prepare new generator. In the world, everyday necessary of electricity energy achieves 14 terawatt, which is equal to 210 millions barrel oil. The total consumption of energy is predicted will be enhanced as big as 60 terawatt to suffice energy request from earthling total that achieve 8 milliards soul. Projection result 2007 from International Energy Agency (IEA) show that value of necessary energy in the world in 2030 is 17.7 milliard tons of oil equivalent, rise from year 2005 only 11.4 milliard tons, with growth average number 1.8% every year.

As we know that the main component to produce electricity is fossil energy resource, for example petroleum and coal. On the contrary, energy source availability for fossil more a little. These cases undergone by every country. So, energy crisis become a global issue and a problem in the world, now. In addition, wastes of produce electricity energy from fossil energy resource also give the contribution toward air pollution because burning process of fossil energy resource will throw away CO₂ and some another gas which harm to air that causes formed glass house and to be increase earth temperature. Lack of availability fossil energy resource, especially petroleum to force for not depends on petroleum and there is danger environment pollution from wastes of produce electricity energy from fossil energy resource that causes global warming.

Emission source CO₂ globally produced from fossil fuel burning as follows: 36% from industry of energy (power station); 27% from sector transportation; 21% from sector industry; 15% from sector household; and 1% others sector. Energy’s sector is a biggest emission source CO₂, so we need alternative energy to overcome crisis energy that has some characteristic among others can decrease depends on petroleum, and produce process not become damage environment. Our society dependence level is towards fossil energy resource really still high. This matter is related from Indonesia primary energy consumption composition as big as 54.4% stills to base on petroleum while use for renewable still under 10%.

Indonesia rich of alternative energy that can replace fossil energy resource which the availability more a little, now. Indonesia has many sources renewable energy because Indonesia resides in equator region. The renewable energy is an energy which great for environment, there are some renewable energy, such as solar (sun) energy, wind energy, minihydro, biomass, geothermal, etc. Some explanations can give us that renewable energy can used to face this case and can be the alternative solution for crisis energy’s problem now. In this time, the government of Indonesia very support for use the renewable energy. One of the government wisdom is about development of renewable energy and conservation of energy (green energy) No.0002 in the year 2004.

The renewable energy can be a solution for energy system that require us in this time, but has a challenge and opportunities. The potential source of renewable energy always available in the nature, but in fact the potency that can use is limited. Not always available in some area and sometimes that availability different in different place. For example, Indonesia is one of the countries that has strategy’s area, especially in the case of availability renewable energy, even though there are some challenges that energy mastery under communication. On the other hand, in some another developed countries have science and technology to develop it, but has limitedness renewable energy. Therefore, necessary existence a cooperation form to can mutual equip in the case of system energy so that reached aim that is overcome energy crisis problem all at once watch over environment from global warming.

Solar energy is one of the renewable energy that have potential that can be developed and be energy source. In every location of every country sure available sun, although the intensity in each area has variety. Solar energy has value insolation, it is solar energy that accepted earth for the width of a square meter during a day. Indonesia is a country which has high value insolation, that is in the range of 4-5 kilowatt hour/m²/day. It is mean a challenge for Indonesia to develop this system energy.

Solar energy can be energy source that replace petroleum for future because, in the fact, sun energy to come in the surface earth every time until 165.000 terawatt. If in 2050 necessary of energy in the world achieve 60 terawatt, so we can suffice need energy in the world just with 0.04% from it. In addition, solar energy is also usually called as green energy because it is very great for environment, not give pollution like other energy source for example coal, and then it is source energy that will not finished.

There are some reasons why Indonesia must develop and apply this energy system:

1. Attenuate it fuel fossil world now, so must leave dependence in fuel.

2. Electricity reach not yet thoroughly widespread in Indonesia, around 60% region remained not yet use electricity.

3. Indonesia has big potential to use solar cell, because belong equator.

This solar cell applicable in scale personal or household and can be used direct for electricity need everyday. That means us do energy economizing, especially towards fossil energy resource. Besides with use solar energy this means decrease emission CO₂ to environment, the mentioned is opportunity to watch over earth from a global worming, and can fulfill electricity need at rural district not yet get electricity, when applied at every house, so we shall decry electricity expenditure that based on fossil energy resource. So, this system energy can become the solution for energy economizing and rescuing environment.

For that very correct when Solar Home System (SHS) at make in household scale (local) that known with diesel fuel term home system. This system works individually with little capacity and every unit only supplies one little load, example for household. 1 panel produces 50 watt with illuminated intensity 1000 watt/m², vertical incidence angle in temperature 25⁰ C. Components from diesel fuel home system consist of:

1. Module solar cell

2. Battery

3. Battery Charger Controller

4. Inverter (from DC to AC)

5. Cabling and Protection

Beside opportunities, there also that is challenging in development this solar energy, among others:

1. Weather can cause sunshine to earth not constant.

2. Light intensity varies at every region and application from this solar energy uses ingredient enough expensive

3. Price from ingredient silicon that be used so expensive, so in this time Indonesia stills import from other country.

Because of the expensive ingredient silicon in Indonesia, solar energy stills difficult to develop in industrial scale. In this case government at least can socialize to society, and then give trainings for use solar energy with household scale.

In Indonesia have more silicon material, but technology for produced silicon still expensive, and Indonesia not to take charge yet technology for producing it. The other hand in other country has a good technology. In this case, we make synergy between Indonesia with other country which has a good technology or Indonesia can also to invite the investors which have not this material, but what to produce sun energy, we can make corporation. Make corporation with other country which have a good technology and want to be an investor to make sun energy with industry scale to be the solution. Beside there are other solutions for success to develop sun energy to be industry scale:

1. Sending student to study in overseas (give scholarship) for get knowledge about technology for develop renewable energy.

2. To hunt for strategy to suck the investor for develop renewable energy.

3. To make corporation with country which a good technology.